My cartoon. :(

I know, it isn`t a very good cartoon but I did an effort. I recognized that I don`t know how to use the tools to do a good cartoon. I hope, I will improve it.
This is the link.


http://goanimate.com/go/movie/0FKOwAyltb8E?utm_source=emailshare&uid=0gcwhB4oM1Ls

ThE gOlDeN CoMpAsS

The Golden Compass, directed by Chris Weitz, is an epic film which has lot of fantasy and adventure. This work is based on the Philip Pullman´s novel Northern Lights and it is the first part of his trilogy The dark materials. The film is set in United States. It stars Nicole Kidman (Mrs. Coulter), Daniel Craig (Lord Asriel) and Dakota Blue Richards (Lyra). The story focuses on Lyra, an orphan living in a fantastical parallel universe in which the Magisterium threatens to dominate the world. Lyra's best friend is kidnapped so she has to travel to North in an attempt to rescue him and rejoin her uncle.

The history begins with an explanation about a parallel universe that consists when a person's soul resides outside the body in an animal called a "daemon". At that time, Europe is controlled by the Magisterium and there are many disappearanced children so Lyra and her friends believe in the "Gobblers" as guilty. Then, Lyra´s uncle, Lord Asriel, visits her college and he shows evidence that particles called “Dust” exist. In spite of being a very interesting fact, Magisterial representative tries to kill Asriel but Lyra saves him. The college funds his expedition to the far north to investigate the Dust substance and Asriel departs.
After that, Mrs. Coulter visits the Lyra´s college and she offers her to be her assistant in her travel to North. Before leaving, the college Master gives Lyra an alethiometer, called Golden Compass. It is able to reveal the answer to any question. Then, Lyra discovers that Mrs. Coulter is head of the "Gobblers" who have been kidnapping local children. Mrs. Coulter knows of Lyra's possession of the golden compass, and she escapes. The "Gobblers" pursue her, but she is saved by the Gyptians. They travel north to rescue the kidnapped children, in that travel Lyra understand to use the compass. Lyra met Ms. Lee who advises her to hire Iorek, an exiled prince of polar bears. At that time, Iorek is metalworker because he was tricked out of his armour by the local townspeople. Lyra uses the compass to discover the armour's location, which Iorek recovers and he helps Lyra to rescue children. Also, he reclaims his kingship fighting with the king bear.
The films reaches a dramatic climax when Lyra rescues her best friend and Mrs. Coulter explains her that the separation procedure is necessary because Dust causes "bad thoughts" as children near maturity. Also, she tells Lyra that she is her mother and Lord Asriel is her father but when Mrs. Coulter asks for the alethiometer, Lyra escapes. Moreover, Lyra leads the other children outside and a battle between Iorek, the Gyptians, and witches versus Magisterial people breaks out. At the end, Lyra travel north with the hope to find her father.

Although the experienced cast and unusual visual effects, the film is very long and boring. There are times where you can get asleep.On the other hand, people who like this kind of epic films, it could be interesting an entertainment.

It wouldn’t recommend it because there isn´t a good climax. Also, the history is quite plane and the colors are so dark that you can imagine is time to go bed.Besides this, critics aren´t good and the loss overtake 20 millions of dollars.

Acid Rain

AcId Ra In

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AcId RaIn

1. Think about a topic related to Environment.
a) You're going to look for at least 3 sources of information on the Internet.

http://www.ypte.org.uk/environmental/acid-rain/1
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students/whatisacid.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/acid_rain.htm
www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/kids/acidrain.html

b) Make a vocabulary list.

allow: to make it possible for someone to do something, or to not prevent something from happening
bedrock: [U] the hard area of rock in the ground which holds up the loose earth above
bleach: noun [U] a strong chemical used for cleaning things or
removing colour from things
buffering: [C] something or someone that helps protect from harm.
cap: verb [T often passive] -pp- to put a limit on the amount of money that can be charged or spent in connection with a particular activity:
coating: coat (COVER) verb [T] to cover something with a layer of a particular substance:noun [C](ALSO coating)
crayfish: (plural crayfish or crayfishes) noun [C or U] a small animal which lives in rivers and is similar to a lobster, or its flesh eaten as food
downpours: noun [C usually singular] a lot of rain in a short time
droplets: noun [C]a small drop of liquid
erode: verb [I or T] to rub or be rubbed away gradually.
fir: noun [C] a tall evergreen tree that grows in cold countries and has needle-like leaves
float away: You say that an object is floating around when you think it is not far away but you cannot see exactly where.
hatch: verb [I or T] to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out
hazardous: noun [C] something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage.
limestone: noun [U] a white or light grey rock which is used as a building material and in the making of cement
liming: (ALSO limescale) white material that collects inside water pipes, etc. in areas where the water is hard (= contains a lot of natural chemicals)
lung:noun [C] either of the two organs in the chest with which people and some animals breathe.
marsh: noun [C or U] ground near a lake, river or the sea, that tends to flood and is always wet.
mayfly: noun [C] an insect which lives near water and only lives for a very short time as an adult
minnow: noun [C] a very small fish found in lakes and rivers
puddle: noun [C] a small pool of liquid on the ground, especially from rain
roach: noun [C] plural roach a European fish that lives in fresh water
sandstone: noun [U] a type of rock formed from sand.
scrubber: Brit pej inf traînée f
seep: vi filtrer; to ~ into sth s'infiltrer dans qc.
sleet: noun [U] wet, partly melted falling snow.
smokestack: noun [C] a tall vertical pipe which takes smoke from anengine powered by steam or from factory.
soot: noun [U] a black powder made mainly of carbon which is
produced when coal, wood, etc. is burnt.
spruce: noun [C or U] an evergreen tree with needle-like leaves, or the pale-coloured wood of this tree.
stunt: noun [C] an exciting action, usually in a film, that is dangerous or appears dangerous and usually needs to be done by someone skilled. waxy: noun [U] a solid fatty substance that softens and melts when warm. weigh up: to think carefully about the advantages or disadvantages of a situation before making a decisión.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

• 
  Acid Rain
  
  
  Abstract.
  
  What is acid rain?
  Acid rain is rain that has been made by certain pollutants in the air. It is formed when industries or factories burn any type of fuel and therefore they produce lots of different chemicals (polluting gases). Some of these gases (especially nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide) react with the tiny droplets of water in clouds to form sulphuric and nitric acids. The rain from these clouds falls as very weak acid, this phenomen is called "acid rain".
  Acid rain could be a dry or wet deposition, the first one happens when gases and dust particles become acidic. The second one appears in many forms like rain, sleet, snow, or fog. Both wet and dry deposition can be carried by the wind, sometimes for very long distances.
  What is acidity?
  Acidity is measured using a pH scale. A pH scale runs from zero (the most acidic) to 14 (the most basic or alkaline). Something with a pH value of 7, we call neutral, this means that it is neither acidic nor alkaline.
  Acidity can be tested using litmus paper. Acids turn litmus paper red, and alkalis turn it blue.
  Where is it coming from?
  Scandinavia was the first place where acid rain was observed in 1950 and it was then that people began to realise that the origins of this pollution were far away in Britain and Northern Europe. One early answer to industrial air pollution was to build very tall chimneys. Unfortunately all this does is push the polluting gases up into the clouds allowing emissions to float away on the wind. The wind carries the pollution many hundreds of miles away where it eventually falls as acid rain.
  What is acid rain caused by?
  Human activities are the main cause of acid rain because humans have released so many different chemicals into the air that they have changed the mix of gases in the atmosphere. For example, when they burn fuels, it produces a mix which reacts with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants. In addition to this, the exhaust from cars, trucks, and buses releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air cause acid rain. On the other hand, acid rain is caused by reactions in the environment too.
  Moreover, acid rain is mainly caused by these substances that are being released into the air:
  · Carbon dioxide
  · Carbon monoxide.
  · Chlorofluorocarbons.
  · Hazardous air pollutants (HAPS).
  · Lead.
  · Nitrogen oxides.
  · Ozone.
  · Particulate matter (PM).
  · Sulfur dioxides.
  · Volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  Most of the pollutants are from automobiles. Automobiles release harmful smoke into the air, which causes acid rain. Coal, oil, and gasoline are also some of the most common causes of all of the pollutants.
  
  The Effects of Acid Rain.
  
  Forests.
  Acid rain can effect trees in several different ways, it may:
  · dissolve the nutrients and minerals, such a magnesium and calcium, in the soil which help the trees to grow and be healthy.
  · cause trees to grow more slowly or even to die.
  · cause the release of harmful substances such as aluminium into the soil.
  · wear away the waxy protective coating of leaves, damaging them and preventing them from being able to photosynthesise properly.
  Lakes and Rivers.
  · The water becomes clearer and the numbers of fish and other water animals decline.
  · Freshwater shrimps, snails, mussels are the most quickly affected by acidification followed by fish such as minnows, salmon and roach.
  · The acidity of the water can cause deformity in young fish and can prevent eggs from hatching properly.
  · The increase in acidity and aluminum levels can be deadly to aquatic wildlife, including phytoplankton, mayflies, rainbow trout, small mouth bass, frogs, spotted salamanders, crayfish, and other creatures that are part of the food web.
  Buildings.
  The chemicals found in acid rain can cause paint to peel and stone statues to begin to appear old and worn down, which reduces their value and beauty
  Acid rain can also ruin buildings because the acid eats into metal and stone. It also damages stained glass and plastics.
  In many places in the world, ancient and famous buildings and monuments are affected by acid rain. For example, the Statue of Liberty in New York, USA, has had to be restored because of acid rain damage.
  People.
  Air pollution like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause respiratory diseases like asthma or chronic bronchitis, or can make these diseases worse.
  Acid rain can cause respiratory problems, like pneumonia and bronchitis, and can even cause permanent lung damage like cancer.
  Water we drink from taps can be contaminated by acid rain, which can damage the brain.
  Solutions.
  Government.
  · Governments need to spend more money on pollution control even if it does mean an increase in the price of electricity.
  · Governments need to invest in researching different ways to produce energy.
  · Greater subsidies of public transport by the government to encourage people to use public transport rather than always travelling by car.
  · To “wash” the coal to remove some of the sulfur. The power plant can also install equipment called scrubbers, which remove the sulfur dioxide from gases leaving the smokestack.
  
  
  You
  Understand the problem and its solutions. Now that you have learned about this environmental issue, you can tell others about it.
  Turn off lights, computers, televisions, video games, and other electrical equipment when you're not using them.
  Encourage your parents to buy equipment that uses less electricity, including lights, air conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, and washing machines.
  Install fluorescent light bulbs instead of incandescent light bulbs.
  Try to reduce, reuse, and recycle as often as you can.
  When you are going to work, you could walk, ride your bike, or take a bus.
  Limit the amount of long trips you take in your car.
  Make sure that your vehicle’s air conditioning system isn’t leaking.
  Conclusion.
  Acid rain is slowly deteriorating our planet. It is our responsibility to make sure that we protect the earth for future generations to enjoy.
  We should stop polluting, for example riding your car just to go to your neighbors five houses away from yours, or factories should have filters so that less pollution goes in the sky. People should walk to places or ride a bike.
  

Environmental Vocabulary.

WORDS
SENTENCES
1.
acid rain
Acid rain is such a dangerous precipitation that causes damage in several animals and humans beings.
2.
carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis.
3.
chemicals
Acid rain is caused by some industries´ harmful chemicals.
4.
climate change
Climate change is the result of a great many factors like human activities.
5.
conservation
A movement to protect plants, animals and their habitats is the conservation.
6.
contaminant
DDT is one of the most dangerous contaminants in the world.
7.
contamination
Contamination is considered as every damaging change produced physically, quimically and biologically.
8.
deforestation
Deforestation is an expanding phenomen that accelerates isolated forests.
9.
drought
Government supports financially to local farm-workers under the drought.
10.
eco−friendly
The benefits to our health and the environment of making eco-friendly can be dramatic.
11.
ecological
Nowadays, there are many ecological products which protect the environment.
12.
ecologist
Ecologists examine the effects of a wide range of factors that causes pollution.
13.
ecosystem
An ecosystem could be a specific area where animals and plants are constantly interacting.
14.
effluent
Effluent is a kind of water pollution.
15.
endangered species
We should protect some endangered animals like eagles and polar bears.
16.
environment
We must take care our environment to be healthy.
17.
environmental
Environmental Defense is an organization that protects the environment and human health across Canada
18.
environmentalist
Environmentalism is a philosophy and social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment
19.
environmentally friendly
Environmentally friendly refers to services considered to inflict minimal harm on the environment.
20.
extinction
Extinction is the death of every member of a species of any kind of animals.
21.
global warming
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air.
22.
greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect refers to the change in the steady state temperature of a planet by the presence of an atmosphere containing gas.
23.
noise pollution
Irritating and distracting sounds cause noise pollution.
24.
nuclear radiation
Nuclear radiation can be extremely dangerous for women that want to have babies.
25.
organic
We must separate organic wastes to reduce pollution.
26.
ozone
Ozone consisting of three oxygen atoms.
27.
ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone.
28.
ozone−friendly
Ozone friendly can be found in most cases on deodorants and refrigerators.
29.
pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem
30.
radioactive substance
Radioactive substances could cause cancer in human beings.
31.
radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is the lethal product of the nuclear age.
32.
radioactivity
Radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability.
33.
recyclable
Paper is a very recyclable product to reduce deforestation.

34.
recycled
Aluminium is one of the most efficient and widely-recycled materials
35.
recycling
Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent waste of potentially useful materials.
36.
reforestation
Reforestation is the restocking of existing forests and woodlands which have been depleted.
37.
sewage
Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage
38.
sewage farm (GB)
Sewage farm could be a solution to save water.
39.
sewage plant (US)
Sewage plant makes a very good job to maintain water in good conditions to reuse it.
40.
sewage works (GB)
In many countries sewage works is considerated a deplorable job.
41.
smog
Smog is a kind of air pollution which causes health problems.
42.
solar energy
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun.
43.
sulfur dioxide (US)
Sulfur dioxide belongs to the family of sulfur oxide gases.
44.
sulphur dioxide (GB)
Sulphur dioxide could be a very dangerous contaminant.
45.
to become extinct
Pollution is a factor that causes many species to become extinct.
46.
to conserve
People take courses in order to conserve water.
47.
to contaminate
Consume to contaminate is a way that the majority make everyday.
48.
to die out
Most polar bears are going to die out by hunters.
49.
to poison
The Kashmir city of Srinagar is using strychnine to poison the dogs
50.
to pollute
To pollute water, air, or land means to make our environment a terrible place to live.
51.
to recycle
Learn to recycle is a very good way to improve ourselves.
52.
toxic waste
Toxic waste is waste material that can cause death or injury to living creatures.
53.
waste disposal
Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants
54.
waste disposal (GB)
Some methods of waste disposal release air pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
55.
wind power
Wind power helps to use wind turbines.